Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Essay - 1497 Words

Assignment # 1Ââ€" Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano History shows that both Africans and African Americans alike faced unique problems prior to and during the 1800s, particularly prior to 1865. One such problem is the issue of Diaspora and how culture and slavery has affected the choice of religion. It is the purpose of this paper to expose comparatively the extent to which individuals have been influenced by these issues. One such individual is Olaudah Equiano. By following and analyzing some of the key moments of faith in his life, this paper seeks to expose the extent to which the series of controversial dialectical incidents that happen throughout his early life, i.e., his cultural African religious traditions†¦show more content†¦Moreover, despite the universality of belief in a Supreme Being in Africa, formal, church-like worship of God was not widely practiced. This was the world of Olaudah Equiano; but unbeknownst to him, he would soon embark on a passa ge that would dramatically change life as he knew it. Equiano narrates his life from boyhood onwards; he was born in a gold-coast African village, sold into slavery to another village, moved to yet another village as a slave, and finally captured and sold to European slave-owners. He was then renamed by one of his slave masters. After reading the vivid description of his way of life, customs, and religion of his village in his narrative, it is clear that before the influence of Europeans and Christian missionaries, it appears the Ibo religion was a complex synthesis of magic, and nature. Ibo practiced some form of ancestor worship, which held that in order to gain success in this world; one must appease the spirits of the deceased. According to the memoirs from Equiano, the natives believe that there is one Creator of all things, who lives in the sun, is girded round with a belt, and that he may never eat or drink; and according to some, he smokes a pipe and governs the events in their lives, especially deaths or captivity. In addition, they also believe in the transmigration of souls (to a certain degree), circumcision, offerings (including burnt) and feast, and washings andShow MoreRelatedA Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano1246 Words   |  5 PagesCaptivity narratives were popular with readers in both America and the European continent during the era of North and South American discovery and colonization. They related the experiences of whites being enslaved by Native Americans and of Africans being enslaved by whites. Two captivity narratives that were widely read during the time are A Narrative of the Capture and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson by Mary Rowlandson and The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano by Olaudah EquianoRead MoreEquiano s Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano1367 Words   |  6 PagesOlaudah Equiano, the author of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano was captured in Africa an d sold into slavery. Later in life, he purchased his freedom and wrote his autobiography in 1789. Equiano experienced hardships beyond imaging in his years as a slave and oftentimes witnessed extensive cruelty by whites towards Africans. Equiano s experience of the Atlantic slave trade and middle passage as we understand it today was typical of a regular captive. The Atlantic slave tradeRead MoreOlaudah Equiano s Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pages Olaudah Equiano, also known as Gustavus Vassa, traveled much of the world encountering a variety of people from different cultures and backgrounds. In Equiano’s The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, the author witnesses how slavery was imbedded in the economic and social values of his day and age, through the experiences of others as well as himself. Having numerous relationships with people of differing religions, socioeconomic statuses, and principles, he developed a uniqueRead Mo reEquiano : The Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano987 Words   |  4 Pagesunimaginable in our society. Olaudah Equiano was former enslaved African who wrote an autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, which he fully goes into great detail about his encounter with slavery. Equiano was born in 1745 in the province of Igbo which is town in the country of Nigeria. Equiano describes his father who was an Embrenche, which is a chief or a respect leader in the community who helped decide conflicts and punished crimes. For instance Equiano recalls that adulteryRead MoreEquiano s Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the book The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Equiano tries to say that he is just an ordinary person, but this cannot be the case. He survives several ship wrecks, learns to read and write, and is able to buy his freedom. This is far from ordinary and borderline s with extraordinary. As he describes his adventures he starts by telling you a depressing story of how his sister got separated from him. This sets up the reader to know that there is plenty more tragedy toRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano exists as an extremely important work in the abolitionist movement in England. As an 18th century narrative written by a former black slave the novel provides a glimpse into the lives of the African slaves involved in the slave trade as well as the slave traders themselves. Even with the controversy over the authenticity of Equiano’s claims on his origin in Africa and his subsequent voyage through the Middle Passage, this novel servesRead MoreOlaudah Equiano s Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah1993 Words   |  8 PagesInteresting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano is a classical and well known slave Narrative. Olaudah Equiano who also goes by the name of Gustavus Vassa his given name was born in 1745 in a part of Africa that is now known as Nigeria. . Olaudah Equino’s narrative tells the story of his travels as a slave and then as a freeman through the Artic, North and Central America, the West Indies, Europe and Great Britain. This narrative was first published in 1789 and was written by him. When Equiano wasRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano2195 Words   |  9 PagesLeslie Pena Dr. Short English 2333 Nov. 24, 2014 Olaudah Equiano I chose to do â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† by Equiano himself, an autobiography written in the seventeenth century. I like how it’s an autobiography and which he writes the important parts of his life. It’s interesting to see how a free African American became a slave at a very young age and to experience everything he had gone through to buy his freedom back. Within every experience he had, there areRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano1501 Words   |  7 PagesOlaudah Equiano lived anything less than an ordinary life and we see this through his narrative, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano†. He first captures the reader with the entrancing tale of his childhood. A tale that was soon brought to end when he was kidnapped from his loving family and sold as a slave. Throughout the narrative, Equiano is searching for a family, like the one he lost. This is shown in à ¢â‚¬Å"Filiation to Affiliation: Kinship and Sentiment in Equiano’s InterestingRead MoreThe Interesting Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano877 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano,† it discussed the life and hardship of Equiano throughout his life. Equiano was from a small province of Africa called Eboe where they were well mannered and traditional. He grew up in a wealthy and established family with his mother, father, and siblings. During the course of Equiano’s life he had some good and challenging time, but through it all he endured it to the end. Throughout his life Equiano experienced what he feels like to

Frederick Turner Jackson Frontier Thesis - 1136 Words

Benjamin Farhi 5/1/13 Band D East to West Frederick Turner Jackson, born in 1861, in Portage, Wisconsin, grew up in a time of severe social change, in a nation plagued with an identity crisis. Fascinated by the world around him, Turner chose to become a history professor, devoting his entire life to studying American culture/society while teaching at the University of Wisconsin and Harvard. Constantly having the opportunity to study and observe the development of the â€Å"American†, Turner wrote extensively, about which attributes composed and influenced American democracy, societal values, and image. He published an essay, â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier in American History† about these topics in 1893, and presented it at the Chicago†¦show more content†¦The chance at recreating your identity in the pursuit of longevity and financial security for the present and generations to come is what a Frontier consisted of in Turnerian terms. Correlated with Westward Expansion followed the advancement of democracy. The increase of West Coasters although on opposite sides of the Country led to a rise of patriotic sentiments according to Turner. As he says in, â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier in American History†, American democracy was born of no theorists dream†¦ It came out of the American forest, and it gained new strength each time it touched a new frontier. † Turner felt that the each newly empowered settler who discovered success on the West Coast was fulfilling the American Dream. And by doing so, each one of these citizens was helping progress American democracy, as a system that aided the people in creating a more perfect union, even in the shadow of significant social challenges. Turner’s emphasis on the Frontier shaping American character through adaptation had strong undercurrents of sectionalism. He wrote, â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier in American History,† in opposition to the Census Bureau’s report of 1890 and did not believe the federal government should dictate what was and was not a frontier. In the essay he says, â€Å"The frontier had no need for standing armies, established churches, aristocrats or nobles, nor forShow MoreRelatedFrederick Jackson Turner S Frontier Thesis1157 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Jackson Turner`s Frontier Thesis Frederick Jackson Turner was one of the most important theorists, North American historian, and author of Frontier Thesis. The Frontier Thesis postulated the centrality of expansion of western frontiers in the formation of American nationality and political consolidation of democracy in this nation, leaving a factual political history and introducing an interpretation grounded in economic and social factors. According to Turner, until the end of the nineteenthRead MoreFrederick Jackson Turner s Frontier Thesis1752 Words   |  8 Pages4120 Dr. Dant Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis In 1893, at the 400th anniversary of the appearance of Columbus in the Americas celebrated in Chicago , Frederick Jackson Turner presented an academic paper entitled, â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier in American History† In this essay, Turner proposes that, â€Å"The existence of an area of free land, its continuous recession, and the advance of American settlement westward explain American development.† The group dynamic that Turner champions isRead MoreAnalysis Of Frederick Jackson s Turner Frontier Thesis929 Words   |  4 Pagestransform their lives. However, due to mass immigration many were forced to face injustices, overcrowding, as well as questioning their identity. Riis and Turner were both concerned with the influx of immigrants and how the increase of people affected the American land. In Frederick Jackson’s Turner frontier thesis, he describes how important the frontier is to the development of America and how it allowed many to obtain a new life. He describes how Americans have managed to transform the wilderness littleRead MoreEssay on Two Part of the United States Reconstruction Era590 Words   |  3 Pagestransformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877 with the Congress directing the issue of reconstruction of state and society (â€Å"Reconstruction Era†). Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier was the chief determinant in American history (â€Å"Frederick Jackson Turner†). Both the Reconstruction impact and Frederick Jackson Turner’s thesis play a role in the environment during the Economic Revolution. Reconstruction took placed in the South from 1865 to 1880. It impacted the United States’Read MoreThe Significance Of The Frontier By Frederick Jackson Turner869 Words   |  4 Pages Frederick Jackson Turner s â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier† is, in his eyes, an accurate depiction of America s development since the Colonial Period. However, Turner s Frontier Thesis fails to discuss the involvement of two very specific groups of people, groups that certainly had too much of an effect on the progression of the country for him to safely leave out. Native Americans have a pivotal role in America s history, yet Turner s mentions of them in his thesis are extremely limitedRead MoreThe Frontier Thesis3825 Words   |  16 PagesThe Frontier Thesis Introduction The emergence of western history as an important field of scholarship started with Frederick Jackson Turner’s (1861-1932) famous essay â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier in American history.†[1] This thesis shaped both popular and scholarly views of the West for the next two generations. In his thesis, Turner argued that the West had to be taken seriously. He felt that up to his time there had not been enough research of what he in his essay call â€Å"the fundamentalRead MoreAmerican Imperialism : A Part Of United States History1463 Words   |  6 Pagespeople s land. Authors like Frederick Jackson Turner, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Albert J. Beveridge, Mark Twain, and William James all distinctive perspectives on U.S expansion and imperialism at the turn of the 20th century. Frederick Jackson Turner was a young American historian. Turner s commitment to American history was to argue that the frontier past best explained the history of the United States. On 1893, he introduced his essay â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier in American History†, whose ideasRead MoreThe Frontier Of American History1116 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Significance of the Frontier in American History, Frederick Jackson Turner discusses the understanding of the West as a concept. Turner’s claims included that the expansion into the frontier fueled individualism, stimulated democracy and nationalism, and widened the opportunity of advancement. In the census of 1890, the frontier no longer had a place in the report because the previously unsettled areas had been broken into areas of settlement. Turner uses the definition of two people per squareRead MoreResponse to Turners Essay on The Significance of the Frontier in American History501 Words   |  3 PagesRespons e to Turners Essay on The Significance of the Frontier in American History Turners The Significance of the Frontier in American History essay presents the primary model for comprehending American history. Turner developed his notions on the uncovering of the 1890 census that the frontier was coming to an end, that the nation had occupied its continental borders. As Turner discusses in his essay, an extensive era of American development approached an ending, butRead MoreRediscovering The American Frontier Of The United States882 Words   |  4 PagesRediscovering the American Frontier Humans have always had a sense of curiosity for the unknown and a greedy fascination for individual growth without seeing the repercussions on others. The United States culminates these qualities not only as a first-world country but it can also be seen from the very beginnings of the nation’s history. The philosophies’ of early settlers in the United States was to have equality between the people, however Americans failed to incorporate this ideology of equality

Sustainable Development of Heathrow Airport †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Development of Heathrow Airport. Answer: Introduction: In the current scenario, environmental management and economic progress is a very complicated process that affects both the sustainability and quality of the society. It is important to have a clear understanding for the multidisciplinary interrelationships between the environment and sustainable development as per Scoones (2016). Major emphasis is placed on the sustainable growth, globalization, sustainability and organizational performance. Sustainable development is practiced by the organizations currently to improve the existing conditions of the society. Heathrow airport is a leading international airport situated in London and practices sustainable development for efficient environmental management (Heathrow.com, 2018). It is regarded as the most crucial part of infrastructure that is required to maintain the regular operation of the nations aircraft. Major environmental and sustainable issues that are raised with relation to the operations of Heathrow airport are energy consumption, noise issues, emissions and land use by the airport. Heathrow airport has been continuously improving the organizational performances since last few years. The company is emitting 37% less carbon than it previously emitted in the year 1990. Heathrow airport needs to reduce its aircrafts emission rate by 34% up to the end of year 2020 (Heathrow.com, 2018). The main challenge faced by the airport authority is to identify a balanced approach so that productivity of the firm can be raised for increasing the potentials in future. This also leads to minimize the negative environmental impact of the organization on the other hand. While according to Adams et al., (2016) pollution from ground-service vehicles at airport besides the aircraft emissions is a part of environmental burden for Heathrow airport. In the recent times, environmental constraints and limits are implemented by the airport so that the environmental costs related to aviation industry can be cut down. As per Mota et al., (2015) environmental capacities limit the amount of air traffic movement for cargo and people. The company also foster other related measurements that keeps the burdens of environment below the defined limits. It is important to address the pollution issues and air quality concerns raised by various operational activities in the airport. Different mechanism and solutions is implemented by the airport so that the organization can effectively achieve sustainable development as suggested by Hallstedt (2017). The solutions may range from using effective technologies and procedures so that the aircrafts emissions at landings and takeoff can be greatly reduced. The solution also ranges from using procedures and technologies. The sustainable management of airport ranging from fleet to aircraft leads to impr oving the efficiency of organization (Lozano et al., 2015). Moreover, use of alternative fuel sources for power heating and ground support system is highly advisable. These strategies are highly beneficial for minimizing emissions that are controlled by the airport operators. Noise issues are another major problem that is faced by Heathrow airport. Aircraft produces more noises during landing and take-off and is therefore considered to be a great contributor of excessive noise problem. This is also one of the most fatal environmental problems that need to be tackle by Heathrow airport. Moreover, the noise generated through the ground access system within the airport that adds to the already existing problem leading to excessive noise. According to Sands and Lee (2015) with respect to issues of excessive noise within the vicinity of airports is a major concern for the airport. It is the duty of the organization to reduce the excessive noise emissions and help the community with its effective plan. Heathrow airport needs to find solutions such as application of new designs and technologies, urban planning and restricting aircraft operational activities to some extent (Strezov, Evans Evans, 2017). Managing runaways and routes, nighttime flights as well as frequency of flights needs to be checked are few of the mitigating measures that can be applied to meet the prescribed limits and noise quotas. As per Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen (2016) to protect the local communities from the vicinity of Heathrow airport, applying curfews and avoidance of noise emission during night can be few of the most practical way to handle the issue. However, as per Pelletier et al., (2018) imposing restrictions on the airports night flight and imposing curfew can lead to under utilization of Heathrows infrastructure. This is not favorable with respect to economic viability and grow3th of the airport. According to Neslen (2018) Heathrow airports does not only impact the environment through noise and emission issues but the land used by the airport besides ground and waste congestion are crucial factors that needs to be considered. It is important for the management to take action so that impacts affecting the social and environmental life can be reduced. Heathrow has created new sustainability plan that would represent the required change and adequate strategy needed in future (scmp.com, 2016). The sustainability plans establishes the real and long-term goals required by the organization that will reduce the negative impacts for reducing negative affect so that positive change is delivered. The companys focus is to creating such environment that would create a remarkable and positive impact on its environment, community and economy. Sustainable growth is one of the major priorities of Heathrow airport. As per Vidal (2018) Heathrows sustainability rate is quite strong that would he lp the people the potentials of the people to be a good citizen. Heathrow 2.0 is the new or latest sustainability plan of the organization that was launched in 2017. The plan represents the required set-change for its businesses and captures the momentum required for industrial wide shift required for the sustainable future (Heathrow.com, 2018). The approach sets outs various goals required to guide the business in future and as an expanded Heathrow. The plan establishes the policies and regulations to take major lead on climatic change and is an aspiration to make growth required for its recent runway carbon neutral. The company is set on working with the airlines company so that noise can be reduced and the air pollution is effectively tackled as per Westcott (2015). The organization creates opportunities for all the sustainable business that believes to deliver a stronger future for UK. According to the current environmental assessments and reports, harmful particular matters containing NOx, HC, CO and Sox are emitted from aircrafts and directl y affect the quality of air, welfare and health of society. Heathrow is the hub airport of UK that plays a vital role in helping the economy of the country to thrive more efficiently. As per Neslen (2018) it focuses on developing business that would connect with the next economy. This would lead to benefit more individuals to experience higher benefits for people to gain sustainability in their lives and work. Heathrows plan for carbon reduction is highly significant as all the major environment issues are considered. The goal is to increase its connectivity through UK by applying reliable and sustainable routes that would connect to more than 100 towns and cities by the year 2030. The negative impact on the climate globally is a vital environmental issue that Heathrow faces as per Hacatoglu, Dincer Rosen (2015). The emissions arising from aircrafts leads to increase in several negative effects on climate, air quality and ozone layer. Drastic changes are seen at both at ground level and at altitude. The particles and gases that are emitted f rom the engines of the aircraft that causes various harmful effects. Heathrow airports play a crucial role in national and local economies. Communitys opposition that is prompted through environmental concerns posed by Heathrow airport in the form of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and aircraft noises. The airport though practices sustainable development but it creates significant environmental costs and also impacts the locality where they are established as per Strezov, Evans Evans, (2017). Primary environmental issues that are related with the operational activities of Heathrow airports include greenhouse gas emissions, land utilization, noise pollution, waste, land utilization and congestion. As mentioned by Sands and Lee (2015) several solutions are also available to address the environmental issues caused by Heathrow airports. This includes adoption and implementation of new technology and procedures to obtain efficient outcome. One of the most effective measures is Air Traffic Management. This increases the efficiency in the use of airport and f uels that ultimately reduces harmful emissions and also mitigates noise emissions. Growth of the airport is to be encouraged for the social and economic benefits they provide to the people. Moreover the growth of Heathrow airport should be a green growth that would not cause any negative impact to the environment (Caniglia et al., 2016). A balance between the environmental concern and airports expansion is to be maintained by proper research and careful analysis. The active participation and involvement for the local communities in all the level of development, implementation of plan is very crucial for effective management of Heathrow airport. As per Li et al., (2106) effective policy-making and regulation for environmental sustainability of Heathrow airport requires major actions at both national and international levels. According to Sands and Lee (2015) adoption of national regulations would be an effective decision while promoting the airports environmental sustainability. No actions should be made on the decision-makers part that would result in escalation of adverse environmental impacts that could be caused by the airport. Moreover it is significant to involve the local communities while making decisions for the expansions of the airports. As recommended by Song et al. (2017) the ground handling agent and operators should follow the ground power hierarchy while using airport terminal based PCA and FEGP. Mobile ground based power units (GPUs) as well as air conditioning trucks should be used. It is important that the ground handling agents, aircraft operators and authorities should coordinately work to ensure safety of the passengers. The operating crew should switch off the aircrafts main engines immediately when the ground power becomes more available and is also safe to do so. While on stand, the aircrafts present in Heathrow airport should be configured so that limited load is drawn. In flight entertainment (IFE), Environmental Control System (ECS) and several unnecessary electrical loading should be turned off. As suggested by Kourula, Pisani and Kolk (2017) welfare of the passengers and consistent of safety is more important. Cabin blinds should always be shut up so that the heat buildup can be reduced inside the aircraft during turnarounds at severely hot locations. As mentioned by Trapp and Sarkis (2016), sufficient training is important for adequate operation and usage of ground based facilities within the Heathrow airport. Noise from airport industry can only reduced by laying strict regulatory constraints on the amount of noise that is generated by the aircraft. Permission should be refused to all such aircrafts, where noise level exceeds more that 66 decibel at daytime and 57 decibel at night time. According to Hacatoglu, Dincer and Rosen (2015) Heathrows Noise Action Plan has set out all the major impacts that will mitigate and manage the affects of aircraft noises that occurs during landing, take off and ground roll. But on the other hand, as per Caniglia et al., (2016) Heathrow is at forefront of all major international efforts so that noise can be easily tackled. Sustainability is the backbone of any business and any organization that fails to practice sustainability is destined to fail. In todays society, balance should be maintained between the economic and environmental sustainability (Beynaghi et al., 2016). Heathrow airport has very effectively practiced sustainable development within the organization. The environmental sustainability of the airport is completely focused on the physical environment. Pollution is the outcome of all discharge by the production inputs in the natural environment, thereby representing inefficiency and waste. On the other hand, as per Baumgartner (2014) Heathrow airport should practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. The CSR report that is voluntarily adopted by the organization provides its clients, customers as well as other interested parties a precise overview of all the environmental consequences. Heathrow airport main approach in the recent times is reduction of carbon emissions. The airport main goal is to operate a zero carbon airport. This involves reducing the carbon impacts to zero level from all its targets related to energy, waste and water. As per Liu (2014) Heathrow airport has been powered with complete 100% renewable electricity. The main goal of Heathrow is increasing more UK access to the airport via sustainable means. As per the companys sustainability report the performance of Heathrow has adequately covered all the environmental factors and its related solutions that are highly relevant for an airport (Heathrow.com, 2018). Heathrow expansion is still a controversial subject for the government. Majority of campaigners thinks that Heathrows expansion could further increase traffic pollution. All around west London tiny tubes have posted on lampposts to monitor the levels of air pollution. Moreover, this helps in measuring nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is the most poisonous gas that is mostly produced by the aircraft diesel engines. As per Strezov, Evans and Evans (2017) the major point is that whether expanding the airport or building another runway would lead to breaking the EU pollution laws. On the other hand as mentioned by Vidal (2018), Heathrow airport new runaway will not lead to increase the car numbers on the road and the condition of air pollution will not worsen in Central London as public transport access to Heathrow airport will improve greatly. Heathrow airport has implemented various strategies to attract more staff and consumers for its public staff. Charging people to drop off by car, cheaper grain tickets and car sharing would be more relevant. according to Westcott (2015) the airport claim that due to expansion no more cars is to be allowed but the transport company claims that this could lead to rise to additional 40,000 road journeys. On the other hand as per Vidal (2015) changes to terminal assignments and flight schedules has further increased the use of transfer buses. Several steps are taken to improve the method to track the auxiliary power units (APU) activity for high performance. Heathrows APU is measured by manual surveys that only include a percentage of Heathrow flights. Ensuring effective sustainability of the airspace that Heathrow aircraft share is a major concern as per Kourula, Pisani and Kolk (2017). One of the major strategies to reduce adverse effect of Heathrows operational activities on environment is developing various operational measures. This could easily be accomplished through developing operational measures that can be accomplished by proper improvement of air traffic management services. One of the crucial fuel saving opportunities arises from ATM system that allows more effective conditions like speed, optimum altitude and direct routings. CO2 emissions would reduce at a considerable rate due to shortening of routes. . Operational procedures and ATM can therefore reduce the aviation fuel burn within 8% and 18% as per Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund Hansen (2016). Fuel efficiency by the usage of ATM operational procedure requires that regulatory and institutional arrangements can be used at both international and national levels. Heathrows airport operational measures are considered to be highly effective and quantifiable measures are used to minimize the aircraft emissions. Moreover, the ATM system contribution helps in the environment protection both in the operation and implementation at global level. This further encourages the plan for global air navigation. As per Hacatoglu, Dincer Rosen (2015) protection of communities and prevention of degradation of qualities of life within the vicinities off Heathrow airport is to be conducted through a dynamic and outgoing process. According to Westcott (2015)regular, transparent and continuous assessment and monitoring of the performance of the Heathrow airport with respect to the environmental factors is a crucial part of the sustainability process. This therefore implies that checking the developed disturbances that includes noise, wastage and congestion for a given time period were implemented foreseen (Hallstedt, 2017). The results of reports and assessment should be easily accessible and transparent so that trust of the local communities can be easily acquired and maintained. Heathrow airport should demonstrate commitment to major green initiatives so that the airports can improve their relationships with the local communities for future expansion. Heathrow airport operations are mostly accompanied with social and economic benefits required for the operators besides the community and society at large. With the growth of airport the benefits for the individuals also increases. On the other hand, with the growth of airport, environmental burden also increases that needed to be properly dealt with. Therefore the consideration for sustainability or sustainable development is also highlighted. The vital role of Heathrow airport to UK economy is significant and is also considered when deciding the expansion plans and airport operations. Finally, it is important that the regulators and Heathrow airport operators chooses the best operational procedure. Supportive advanced technologies is beneficial for achieving the goals and objectives of the Heathrow airport. References: Adams, R., Jeanrenaud, S., Bessant, J., Denyer, D., Overy, P. (2016). Sustainability?oriented innovation: a systematic review.International Journal of Management Reviews,18(2), 180-205. Baumgartner, R. J. (2014). Managing corporate sustainability and CSR: A conceptual framework combining values, strategies and instruments contributing to sustainable development.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,21(5), 258-271. Beynaghi, A., Trencher, G., Moztarzadeh, F., Mozafari, M., Maknoon, R., Leal Filho, W. (2016). Future sustainability scenarios for universities: Moving beyond the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, 3464-3478. Caniglia, G., John, B., Kohler, M., Bellina, L., Wiek, A., Rojas, C., ... Lang, D. (2016). An experience-based learning framework: Activities for the initial development of sustainability competencies.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,17(6), 827-852. Hacatoglu, K., Dincer, I., Rosen, M. A. (2015). A new model to assess the environmental impact and sustainability of energy systems.Journal of Cleaner Production,103, 211-218. Hallstedt, S. I. (2017). Sustainability criteria and sustainability compliance index for decision support in product development.Journal of Cleaner production,140, 251-266. Heathrow.com. (2018).Heathrow 2.0 | Corporate responsibility | Sustainability.Heathrow.com. Retrieved 21 March 2018, from https://www.heathrow.com/company/community-and-environment/heathrow-2-0 Heathrow.com.(2018).Heathrow.com. Retrieved 21 March 2018, from https://www.heathrow.com/file_source/Company/Static/PDF/Communityandenvironment/Sustainabilty-Performance-Report-2016.pdf Kourula, A., Pisani, N., Kolk, A. (2017). Corporate sustainability and inclusive development: highlights from international business and management research.Current opinion in environmental sustainability,24, 14-18. Li, Y., Cheng, H., Beeton, R. J., Sigler, T., Halog, A. (2016). Sustainability from a Chinese cultural perspective: the implications of harmonious development in environmental management.Environment, development and sustainability,18(3), 679-696. Liu, G. 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